College is a time of personal growth, exploration, and learning, but unfortunately, it’s also a period when some individuals may experience sexual assault. Understanding how to spot sexual assault is crucial for your safety and the well-being of those around you. In this blog, we will provide information on what sexual assault is, how to recognize it, and the steps you can take to support survivors and prevent such incidents.

What is Sexual Assault?
Sexual assault refers to any non-consensual sexual activity imposed on an individual. It can encompass a range of actions, from unwanted touching or groping to rape. Consent is a fundamental aspect of any sexual activity. Without clear and voluntary agreement from all parties involved, it is not consensual, and it becomes sexual assault.

Examples include:

• Rape – which is the unwanted penetration of the victim’s body
• Attempted rape
• Sexual acts being performed against the victims will such as oral sex or penetrating the perpetrator’s body
• Unwanted sexual touching also known as fondling or groping

For a more detailed look at the definition of rape and some of these terms you can visit this website.

Recognizing Sexual Assault:

1. Lack of Consent The most critical factor in identifying sexual assault is the absence of clear, enthusiastic, and ongoing consent from all parties involved. Consent should be freely given, informed, and not coerced or obtained through manipulation.
2. Intoxication – Be aware of situations where one or both parties are intoxicated. Alcohol or drugs can impair judgment and the ability to give or perceive consent. It’s essential to understand that sex without consent while intoxicated is sexual assault.
3. Force or Coercion – Any use of force, intimidation, or threats to engage in sexual activity constitutes sexual assault. This includes physical violence, emotional manipulation, or blackmail.
4. Unwanted Advances – Pay attention to signs of discomfort, resistance, or disinterest in a sexual encounter. If someone expresses that they are not interested, respect their boundaries.
5. Incapacitation – Sexual activity with someone who is incapacitated due to alcohol, drugs, or other factors is considered sexual assault, even if there is no physical force involved.
6. Age and Power Dynamics – Be aware of power imbalances, such as age or authority figures, in sexual encounters. These imbalances can make it challenging for someone to provide genuine consent.

Preventing Sexual Assault:
Preventing sexual assault is everyone’s responsibility. There are several steps you can take to protect yourself and look out for others who may be unaware of the danger they are in.

• Educate Yourself: Learn about consent, healthy relationships, and the importance of communication in sexual encounters. Many colleges offer workshops and training on preventing sexual assault. Take advantage of these resources to become more informed.
• Know Your Boundaries: When it comes to physical touch and sexual encounters you should know just exactly how far you are willing to go. Be direct and firm when saying no, do not leave room for any uncertainty.
• Intervene: If you witness a potentially dangerous situation, intervene safely by distracting, delegating, or directly intervening if necessary.  It is best to not intervene alone especially at a social event. Get the police involved or a campus official if necessary.
• Be a Supportive Friend: Create a culture of respect and support among your friends. Encourage open conversations about consent and boundaries.

GENERAL SAFETY TIPS:

• Keep your phone charged and stay in touch with friends or family members. Share your location with trusted contacts when going out. Whenever possible, go to parties or social events with a group of friends. There’s safety in numbers, and potential perpetrators are less likely to target a group.
• Attend parties hosted by people you know and trust. Be cautious about going to parties at unfamiliar locations or with unknown hosts. And before you go, make transportation plans for getting home safely. Arrange for a designated driver, use rideshare services, or have a trusted friend available for a ride. If you plan on walking, especially at night, make sure you walk with a friend.
• Limit your alcohol consumption. Excessive alcohol use can impair judgment and decision-making, making you more vulnerable to sexual assault. Drink responsibly and know your limits. Never leave your drink unattended, and avoid accepting drinks from strangers. It’s easy for someone to tamper with an unattended drink. It is wise to know how much you plan to consume before you go and stick to it.
• Stick to well-lit and populated areas of the party, and avoid isolated or poorly lit spots. This also applies to getting to and from your vehicle or on the street if you are walking. If you feel you are being followed head for a public place and cross the street if you feel that an unsafe person is walking toward you on the street.
• Decide on a time to leave the party before you go. You may even set an alarm on your phone in case you get distracted. This can help you avoid staying too long and becoming more vulnerable as the night goes on. As always if your instincts tell you that a situation is unsafe or a person may be dangerous, listen to them and leave immediately.

Remember that your safety is paramount. You must know exactly what sexual assault is so you can know how to spot it and the steps to take to prevent it from happening to you or someone you know. Being proactive, setting boundaries, and looking out for one another can help create a safer environment for everyone. It’s essential to prioritize your well-being and be aware of the risks associated with social gatherings, particularly when alcohol and unfamiliar environments are involved.